Cgroups Resource Analysis
How to use
talosctl cgroups to monitor resource usage on the node.Talos provides a way to monitor resource usage of the control groups on the machine. This feature is useful to understand how much resources are being used by the containers and processes running on the machine.
Talos creates several system cgroups:
init(containsmachinedPID 1)system(contains system services, and extension services)podruntime(contains CRI containerd, kubelet, etcd)
Kubelet creates a tree of cgroups for each pod, and each container in the pod, starting with kubepods as the root group.
Talos Linux might set some default limits for the cgroups, and these are not configurable at the moment. Kubelet is configured by default to reserve some amount of RAM and CPU for system processes to prevent the system from becoming unresponsive under extreme resource pressure.
Note: this feature is only available in
cgroupsv2mode which is Talos default.
The talosctl cgroups command provides a way to monitor the resource usage of the cgroups on the machine, it has a set of presets which are described below.
Presets
cpu
$ talosctl cgroups --preset=cpu
NAME CpuWeight CpuNice CpuMax CpuUser User/% CpuSystem System/% Throttled
. unset unset [] 7m42.43755s - 8m51.855608s - 0s
├──init 79 1 [ max 100000] 35.061148s 7.58% 41.027589s 7.71% 0s
├──kubepods 77 1 [ max 100000] 3m29.902395s 45.39% 4m41.033592s 52.84% 0s
│ ├──besteffort 1 19 [ max 100000] 1.297303s 0.62% 960.152ms 0.34% 0s
│ │ └──kube-system/kube-proxy-6r5bz 1 19 [ max 100000] 1.297441s 100.01% 960.014ms 99.99% 0s
│ │ ├──kube-proxy 1 19 [ max 100000] 1.289143s 99.36% 958.587ms 99.85% 0s
│ │ └──sandbox 1 19 [ max 100000] 9.724ms 0.75% 0s 0.00% 0s
│ └──burstable 14 9 [ max 100000] 3m28.653931s 99.41% 4m40.024231s 99.64% 0s
│ ├──kube-system/kube-apiserver-talos-default-controlplane-1 8 11 [ max 100000] 2m22.458603s 68.28% 2m22.983949s 51.06% 0s
│ │ ├──kube-apiserver 8 11 [ max 100000] 2m22.440159s 99.99% 2m22.976538s 99.99% 0s
│ │ └──sandbox 1 19 [ max 100000] 14.774ms 0.01% 11.081ms 0.01% 0s
│ ├──kube-system/kube-controller-manager-talos-default-controlplane-1 2 18 [ max 100000] 17.314271s 8.30% 3.014955s 1.08% 0s
│ │ ├──kube-controller-manager 2 18 [ max 100000] 17.303941s 99.94% 3.001934s 99.57% 0s
│ │ └──sandbox 1 19 [ max 100000] 11.675ms 0.07% 11.675ms 0.39% 0s
│ ├──kube-system/kube-flannel-jzx6m 4 14 [ max 100000] 38.986678s 18.68% 1m47.717143s 38.47% 0s
│ │ ├──kube-flannel 4 14 [ max 100000] 38.962703s 99.94% 1m47.690508s 99.98% 0s
│ │ └──sandbox 1 19 [ max 100000] 14.228ms 0.04% 7.114ms 0.01% 0s
│ └──kube-system/kube-scheduler-talos-default-controlplane-1 1 19 [ max 100000] 20.103563s 9.63% 16.099219s 5.75% 0s
│ ├──kube-scheduler 1 19 [ max 100000] 20.092317s 99.94% 16.086603s 99.92% 0s
│ └──sandbox 1 19 [ max 100000] 11.93ms 0.06% 11.93ms 0.07% 0s
├──podruntime 79 1 [ max 100000] 4m59.707084s 64.81% 5m4.010222s 57.16% 0s
│ ├──etcd 79 1 [ max 100000] 2m38.215322s 52.79% 3m7.812204s 61.78% 0s
│ ├──kubelet 39 4 [ max 100000] 1m29.026444s 29.70% 1m23.112332s 27.34% 0s
│ └──runtime 39 4 [ max 100000] 48.501668s 16.18% 37.049334s 12.19% 0s
└──system 59 2 [ max 100000] 32.395345s 7.01% 12.176964s 2.29% 0s
├──apid 20 7 [ max 100000] 1.261381s 3.89% 756.827ms 6.22% 0s
├──dashboard 8 11 [ max 100000] 22.231337s 68.63% 5.328927s 43.76% 0s
├──runtime 20 7 [ max 100000] 7.282253s 22.48% 5.924559s 48.65% 0s
├──trustd 10 10 [ max 100000] 1.254353s 3.87% 220.698ms 1.81% 0s
└──udevd 10 10 [ max 100000] 78.726ms 0.24% 233.244ms 1.92% 0s
In the CPU view, the following columns are displayed:
CpuWeight: the CPU weight of the cgroup (relative, controls the CPU shares/bandwidth)CpuNice: the CPU nice value (direct translation of theCpuWeightto thenicevalue)CpuMax: the maximum CPU time allowed for the cgroupCpuUser: the total CPU time consumed by the cgroup and its children in user modeUser/%: the percentage of CPU time consumed by the cgroup and its children in user mode relative to the parent cgroupCpuSystem: the total CPU time consumed by the cgroup and its children in system modeSystem/%: the percentage of CPU time consumed by the cgroup and its children in system mode relative to the parent cgroupThrottled: the total time the cgroup has been throttled on CPU
cpuset
$ talosctl cgroups --preset=cpuset
NAME CpuSet CpuSet(Eff) Mems Mems(Eff)
. 0-1 0
├──init 0-1 0
├──kubepods 0-1 0
│ ├──besteffort 0-1 0
│ │ └──kube-system/kube-proxy-6r5bz 0-1 0
│ │ ├──kube-proxy 0-1 0
│ │ └──sandbox 0-1 0
│ └──burstable 0-1 0
│ ├──kube-system/kube-apiserver-talos-default-controlplane-1 0-1 0
│ │ ├──kube-apiserver 0-1 0
│ │ └──sandbox 0-1 0
│ ├──kube-system/kube-controller-manager-talos-default-controlplane-1 0-1 0
│ │ ├──kube-controller-manager 0-1 0
│ │ └──sandbox 0-1 0
│ ├──kube-system/kube-flannel-jzx6m 0-1 0
│ │ ├──kube-flannel 0-1 0
│ │ └──sandbox 0-1 0
│ └──kube-system/kube-scheduler-talos-default-controlplane-1 0-1 0
│ ├──kube-scheduler 0-1 0
│ └──sandbox 0-1 0
├──podruntime 0-1 0
│ ├──etcd 0-1 0
│ ├──kubelet 0-1 0
│ └──runtime 0-1 0
└──system 0-1 0
├──apid 0-1 0
├──dashboard 0-1 0
├──runtime 0-1 0
├──trustd 0-1 0
└──udevd 0-1 0
This preset shows information about the CPU and memory sets of the cgroups, it is mostly useful with kubelet CPU manager.
CpuSet: the CPU set of the cgroupCpuSet(Eff): the effective CPU set of the cgroupMems: the memory set of the cgroup (NUMA nodes)Mems(Eff): the effective memory set of the cgroup
io
$ talosctl cgroups --preset=io
NAME Bytes Read/Written ios Read/Write PressAvg10 PressAvg60 PressTotal
. loop0: 94 MiB/0 B vda: 700 MiB/803 MiB 0.12 0.37 2m12.512921s
├──init loop0: 231 KiB/0 B vda: 4.9 MiB/4.3 MiB loop0: 6/0 vda: 206/37 0.00 0.00 232.446ms
├──kubepods vda: 282 MiB/16 MiB vda: 3195/3172 0.00 0.00 383.858ms
│ ├──besteffort vda: 58 MiB/0 B vda: 678/0 0.00 0.00 86.833ms
│ │ └──kube-system/kube-proxy-6r5bz vda: 58 MiB/0 B vda: 678/0 0.00 0.00 86.833ms
│ │ ├──kube-proxy vda: 58 MiB/0 B vda: 670/0 0.00 0.00 86.554ms
│ │ └──sandbox vda: 692 KiB/0 B vda: 8/0 0.00 0.00 467µs
│ └──burstable vda: 224 MiB/16 MiB vda: 2517/3172 0.00 0.00 308.616ms
│ ├──kube-system/kube-apiserver-talos-default-controlplane-1 vda: 76 MiB/16 MiB vda: 870/3171 0.00 0.00 151.677ms
│ │ ├──kube-apiserver vda: 76 MiB/16 MiB vda: 870/3171 0.00 0.00 156.375ms
│ │ └──sandbox 0.00 0.00 0s
│ ├──kube-system/kube-controller-manager-talos-default-controlplane-1 vda: 62 MiB/0 B vda: 670/0 0.00 0.00 95.432ms
│ │ ├──kube-controller-manager vda: 62 MiB/0 B vda: 670/0 0.00 0.00 100.197ms
│ │ └──sandbox 0.00 0.00 0s
│ ├──kube-system/kube-flannel-jzx6m vda: 36 MiB/4.0 KiB vda: 419/1 0.00 0.00 64.203ms
│ │ ├──kube-flannel vda: 35 MiB/0 B vda: 399/0 0.00 0.00 55.26ms
│ │ └──sandbox 0.00 0.00 0s
│ └──kube-system/kube-scheduler-talos-default-controlplane-1 vda: 50 MiB/0 B vda: 558/0 0.00 0.00 64.331ms
│ ├──kube-scheduler vda: 50 MiB/0 B vda: 558/0 0.00 0.00 62.821ms
│ └──sandbox 0.00 0.00 0s
├──podruntime vda: 379 MiB/764 MiB vda: 3802/287674 0.39 0.39 2m13.409399s
│ ├──etcd vda: 308 MiB/759 MiB vda: 2598/286420 0.50 0.41 2m15.407179s
│ ├──kubelet vda: 69 MiB/62 KiB vda: 834/13 0.00 0.00 122.371ms
│ └──runtime vda: 76 KiB/3.9 MiB vda: 19/1030 0.00 0.00 164.984ms
└──system loop0: 18 MiB/0 B vda: 3.2 MiB/0 B loop0: 590/0 vda: 116/0 0.00 0.00 153.609ms
├──apid loop0: 1.9 MiB/0 B loop0: 103/0 0.00 0.00 3.345ms
├──dashboard loop0: 16 MiB/0 B loop0: 487/0 0.00 0.00 11.596ms
├──runtime 0.00 0.00 28.957ms
├──trustd 0.00 0.00 0s
└──udevd vda: 3.2 MiB/0 B vda: 116/0 0.00 0.00 135.586ms
In the IO (input/output) view, the following columns are displayed:
Bytes Read/Written: the total number of bytes read and written by the cgroup and its children, per each blockdeviceios Read/Write: the total number of I/O operations read and written by the cgroup and its children, per each blockdevicePressAvg10: the average IO pressure of the cgroup and its children over the last 10 secondsPressAvg60: the average IO pressure of the cgroup and its children over the last 60 secondsPressTotal: the total IO pressure of the cgroup and its children (see PSI for more information)
memory
$ talosctl cgroups --preset=memory
NAME MemCurrent MemPeak MemLow Peak/Low MemHigh MemMin Current/Min MemMax
. unset unset unset unset% unset unset unset% unset
├──init 133 MiB 133 MiB 192 MiB 69.18% max 96 MiB 138.35% max
├──kubepods 494 MiB 505 MiB 0 B max% max 0 B max% 1.4 GiB
│ ├──besteffort 70 MiB 74 MiB 0 B max% max 0 B max% max
│ │ └──kube-system/kube-proxy-6r5bz 70 MiB 74 MiB 0 B max% max 0 B max% max
│ │ ├──kube-proxy 69 MiB 73 MiB 0 B max% max 0 B max% max
│ │ └──sandbox 872 KiB 2.2 MiB 0 B max% max 0 B max% max
│ └──burstable 424 MiB 435 MiB 0 B max% max 0 B max% max
│ ├──kube-system/kube-apiserver-talos-default-controlplane-1 233 MiB 242 MiB 0 B max% max 0 B max% max
│ │ ├──kube-apiserver 232 MiB 242 MiB 0 B max% max 0 B max% max
│ │ └──sandbox 208 KiB 3.3 MiB 0 B max% max 0 B max% max
│ ├──kube-system/kube-controller-manager-talos-default-controlplane-1 78 MiB 80 MiB 0 B max% max 0 B max% max
│ │ ├──kube-controller-manager 78 MiB 80 MiB 0 B max% max 0 B max% max
│ │ └──sandbox 212 KiB 3.3 MiB 0 B max% max 0 B max% max
│ ├──kube-system/kube-flannel-jzx6m 48 MiB 50 MiB 0 B max% max 0 B max% max
│ │ ├──kube-flannel 46 MiB 48 MiB 0 B max% max 0 B max% max
│ │ └──sandbox 216 KiB 3.1 MiB 0 B max% max 0 B max% max
│ └──kube-system/kube-scheduler-talos-default-controlplane-1 66 MiB 67 MiB 0 B max% max 0 B max% max
│ ├──kube-scheduler 66 MiB 67 MiB 0 B max% max 0 B max% max
│ └──sandbox 208 KiB 3.4 MiB 0 B max% max 0 B max% max
├──podruntime 549 MiB 647 MiB 0 B max% max 0 B max% max
│ ├──etcd 382 MiB 482 MiB 256 MiB 188.33% max 0 B max% max
│ ├──kubelet 103 MiB 104 MiB 192 MiB 54.31% max 96 MiB 107.57% max
│ └──runtime 64 MiB 71 MiB 392 MiB 18.02% max 196 MiB 32.61% max
└──system 229 MiB 232 MiB 192 MiB 120.99% max 96 MiB 239.00% max
├──apid 26 MiB 28 MiB 32 MiB 88.72% max 16 MiB 159.23% 40 MiB
├──dashboard 113 MiB 113 MiB 0 B max% max 0 B max% 196 MiB
├──runtime 74 MiB 77 MiB 96 MiB 79.89% max 48 MiB 154.57% max
├──trustd 10 MiB 11 MiB 16 MiB 69.85% max 8.0 MiB 127.78% 24 MiB
└──udevd 6.8 MiB 14 MiB 16 MiB 86.87% max 8.0 MiB 84.67% max
In the memory view, the following columns are displayed:
MemCurrent: the current memory usage of the cgroup and its childrenMemPeak: the peak memory usage of the cgroup and its childrenMemLow: the low memory reservation of the cgroupPeak/Low: the ratio of the peak memory usage to the low memory reservationMemHigh: the high memory limit of the cgroupMemMin: the minimum memory reservation of the cgroupCurrent/Min: the ratio of the current memory usage to the minimum memory reservationMemMax: the maximum memory limit of the cgroup
swap
$ talosctl cgroups --preset=swap
NAME SwapCurrent SwapPeak SwapHigh SwapMax
. unset unset unset unset
├──init 0 B 0 B max max
├──kubepods 0 B 0 B max max
│ ├──besteffort 0 B 0 B max max
│ │ └──kube-system/kube-proxy-6r5bz 0 B 0 B max max
│ │ ├──kube-proxy 0 B 0 B max 0 B
│ │ └──sandbox 0 B 0 B max max
│ └──burstable 0 B 0 B max max
│ ├──kube-system/kube-apiserver-talos-default-controlplane-1 0 B 0 B max max
│ │ ├──kube-apiserver 0 B 0 B max 0 B
│ │ └──sandbox 0 B 0 B max max
│ ├──kube-system/kube-controller-manager-talos-default-controlplane-1 0 B 0 B max max
│ │ ├──kube-controller-manager 0 B 0 B max 0 B
│ │ └──sandbox 0 B 0 B max max
│ ├──kube-system/kube-flannel-jzx6m 0 B 0 B max max
│ │ ├──kube-flannel 0 B 0 B max 0 B
│ │ └──sandbox 0 B 0 B max max
│ └──kube-system/kube-scheduler-talos-default-controlplane-1 0 B 0 B max max
│ ├──kube-scheduler 0 B 0 B max 0 B
│ └──sandbox 0 B 0 B max max
├──podruntime 0 B 0 B max max
│ ├──etcd 0 B 0 B max max
│ ├──kubelet 0 B 0 B max max
│ └──runtime 0 B 0 B max max
└──system 0 B 0 B max max
├──apid 0 B 0 B max max
├──dashboard 0 B 0 B max max
├──runtime 0 B 0 B max max
├──trustd 0 B 0 B max max
└──udevd 0 B 0 B max max
In the swap view, the following columns are displayed:
SwapCurrent: the current swap usage of the cgroup and its childrenSwapPeak: the peak swap usage of the cgroup and its childrenSwapHigh: the high swap limit of the cgroupSwapMax: the maximum swap limit of the cgroup
Custom Schemas
The talosctl cgroups command allows you to define custom schemas to display the cgroups information in a specific way.
The schema is defined in a YAML file with the following structure:
columns:
- name: Bytes Read/Written
template: '{{ range $disk, $v := .IOStat }}{{ if $v }}{{ $disk }}: {{ $v.rbytes.HumanizeIBytes }}/{{ $v.wbytes.HumanizeIBytes }} {{ end }}{{ end }}'
- name: ios Read/Write
template: '{{ if .Parent }}{{ range $disk, $v := .IOStat }}{{ $disk }}: {{ $v.rios }}/{{ $v.wios }} {{ end }}{{ end }}'
- name: PressAvg10
template: '{{ .IOPressure.some.avg10 | printf "%6s" }}'
- name: PressAvg60
template: '{{ .IOPressure.some.avg60 | printf "%6s" }}'
- name: PressTotal
template: '{{ .IOPressure.some.total.UsecToDuration | printf "%12s" }}'
The schema file can be passed to the talosctl cgroups command with the --schema-file flag:
talosctl cgroups --schema-file=schema.yaml
In the schema, for each column, you can define a name and a template which is a Go template that will be executed with the cgroups data.
In the template, there’s a . variable that contains the cgroups data, and .Parent variable which is a parent cgroup (if available).
Each cgroup node contains information parsed from the cgroup filesystem, with field names matching the filenames adjusted for Go naming conventions,
e.g. io.stat becomes .IOStat in the template.
The schemas for the presets above can be found in the source code.
Last modified December 17, 2024: chore: prepare for Talos 1.10 (03116ef9b)