Boot Assets

Creating customized Talos boot assets, disk images, ISO and installer images.

Talos Linux provides boot images via Image Factory, but these images can be customized further for a specific use case:

There are two ways to generate Talos boot assets:

Image Factory is easier to use, but it only produces images for official Talos Linux releases, official Talos Linux system extensions and official Talos Overlays.

The imager container can be used to generate images from main branch, with local changes, or with custom system extensions.

Image Factory

Image Factory is a service that generates Talos boot assets on-demand. Image Factory allows to generate boot assets for the official Talos Linux releases, official Talos Linux system extensions and official Talos Overlays.

The main concept of the Image Factory is a schematic which defines the customization of the boot asset. Once the schematic is configured, Image Factory can be used to pull various Talos Linux images, ISOs, installer images, PXE booting bare-metal machines across different architectures, versions of Talos and platforms.

Sidero Labs maintains a public Image Factory instance at https://factory.talos.dev. Image Factory provides a simple UI to prepare schematics and retrieve asset links.

Example: Bare-metal with Image Factory

Let’s assume we want to boot Talos on a bare-metal machine with Intel CPU and add a gvisor container runtime to the image. Also we want to disable predictable network interface names with net.ifnames=0 kernel argument.

First, let’s create the schematic file bare-metal.yaml:

# bare-metal.yaml
customization:
  extraKernelArgs:
    - net.ifnames=0
  systemExtensions:
    officialExtensions:
      - siderolabs/gvisor
      - siderolabs/intel-ucode

The schematic doesn’t contain system extension versions, Image Factory will pick the correct version matching Talos Linux release.

And now we can upload the schematic to the Image Factory to retrieve its ID:

$ curl -X POST --data-binary @bare-metal.yaml https://factory.talos.dev/schematics
{"id":"b8e8fbbe1b520989e6c52c8dc8303070cb42095997e76e812fa8892393e1d176"}

The returned schematic ID b8e8fbbe1b520989e6c52c8dc8303070cb42095997e76e812fa8892393e1d176 we will use to generate the boot assets.

The schematic ID is based on the schematic contents, so uploading the same schematic will return the same ID.

Now we have two options to boot our bare-metal machine:

The Image Factory URL contains both schematic ID and Talos version, and both can be changed to generate different boot assets.

Once the bare-metal machine is booted up for the first time, it will require Talos Linux installer image to be installed on the disk. The installer image will be produced by the Image Factory as well:

# Talos machine configuration patch
machine:
  install:
    image: factory.talos.dev/installer/b8e8fbbe1b520989e6c52c8dc8303070cb42095997e76e812fa8892393e1d176:v1.8.0

Once installed, the machine can be upgraded to a new version of Talos by referencing new installer image:

talosctl upgrade --image factory.talos.dev/installer/b8e8fbbe1b520989e6c52c8dc8303070cb42095997e76e812fa8892393e1d176:<new_version>

Same way upgrade process can be used to transition to a new set of system extensions: generate new schematic with the new set of system extensions, and upgrade the machine to the new schematic ID:

talosctl upgrade --image factory.talos.dev/installer/<new_schematic_id>:v1.8.0

Example: Raspberry Pi generic with Image Factory

Let’s assume we want to boot Talos on a Raspberry Pi with iscsi-tools system extension.

First, let’s create the schematic file rpi_generic.yaml:

# rpi_generic.yaml
overlay:
  name: rpi_generic
  image: siderolabs/sbc-raspberrypi
customization:
  systemExtensions:
    officialExtensions:
      - siderolabs/iscsi-tools

The schematic doesn’t contain any system extension or overlay versions, Image Factory will pick the correct version matching Talos Linux release.

And now we can upload the schematic to the Image Factory to retrieve its ID:

$ curl -X POST --data-binary @rpi_generic.yaml https://factory.talos.dev/schematics
{"id":"0db665edfda21c70194e7ca660955425d16cec2aa58ff031e2abf72b7c328585"}

The returned schematic ID 0db665edfda21c70194e7ca660955425d16cec2aa58ff031e2abf72b7c328585 we will use to generate the boot assets.

The schematic ID is based on the schematic contents, so uploading the same schematic will return the same ID.

Now we can download the metal arm64 image:

The Image Factory URL contains both schematic ID and Talos version, and both can be changed to generate different boot assets.

Once installed, the machine can be upgraded to a new version of Talos by referencing new installer image:

talosctl upgrade --image factory.talos.dev/installer/0db665edfda21c70194e7ca660955425d16cec2aa58ff031e2abf72b7c328585:<new_version>

Same way upgrade process can be used to transition to a new set of system extensions: generate new schematic with the new set of system extensions, and upgrade the machine to the new schematic ID:

talosctl upgrade --image factory.talos.dev/installer/<new_schematic_id>:v1.8.0

Example: AWS with Image Factory

Talos Linux is installed on AWS from a disk image (AWS AMI), so only a single boot asset is required. Let’s assume we want to boot Talos on AWS with gvisor container runtime system extension.

First, let’s create the schematic file aws.yaml:

# aws.yaml
customization:
  systemExtensions:
    officialExtensions:
      - siderolabs/gvisor

And now we can upload the schematic to the Image Factory to retrieve its ID:

$ curl -X POST --data-binary @aws.yaml https://factory.talos.dev/schematics
{"id":"d9ff89777e246792e7642abd3220a616afb4e49822382e4213a2e528ab826fe5"}

The returned schematic ID d9ff89777e246792e7642abd3220a616afb4e49822382e4213a2e528ab826fe5 we will use to generate the boot assets.

Now we can download the AWS disk image from the Image Factory:

curl -LO https://factory.talos.dev/image/d9ff89777e246792e7642abd3220a616afb4e49822382e4213a2e528ab826fe5/v1.8.0/aws-amd64.raw.xz

Now the aws-amd64.raw.xz file contains the customized Talos AWS disk image which can be uploaded as an AMI to the AWS.

Once the AWS VM is created from the AMI, it can be upgraded to a different Talos version or a different schematic using talosctl upgrade:

# upgrade to a new Talos version
talosctl upgrade --image factory.talos.dev/installer/d9ff89777e246792e7642abd3220a616afb4e49822382e4213a2e528ab826fe5:<new_version>
# upgrade to a new schematic
talosctl upgrade --image factory.talos.dev/installer/<new_schematic_id>:v1.8.0

Imager

A custom disk image, boot asset can be generated by using the Talos Linux imager container: ghcr.io/siderolabs/imager:v1.8.0. The imager container image can be checked by verifying its signature.

The generation process can be run with a simple docker run command:

docker run --rm -t -v $PWD/_out:/secureboot:ro -v $PWD/_out:/out -v /dev:/dev --privileged ghcr.io/siderolabs/imager:v1.8.0 <image-kind> [optional: customization]

A quick guide to the flags used for docker run:

  • --rm flag removes the container after the run (as it’s not going to be used anymore)
  • -t attaches a terminal for colorized output, it can be removed if used in scripts
  • -v $PWD/_out:/secureboot:ro mounts the SecureBoot keys into the container (can be skipped if not generating SecureBoot image)
  • -v $PWD/_out:/out mounts the output directory (where the generated image will be placed) into the container
  • -v /dev:/dev --privileged is required to generate disk images (loop devices are used), but not required for ISOs, installer container images

The <image-kind> argument to the imager defines the base profile to be used for the image generation. There are several built-in profiles:

  • iso builds a Talos ISO image (see ISO)
  • secureboot-iso builds a Talos ISO image with SecureBoot (see SecureBoot)
  • metal builds a generic disk image for bare-metal machines
  • secureboot-metal builds a generic disk image for bare-metal machines with SecureBoot
  • secureboot-installer builds an installer container image with SecureBoot (see SecureBoot)
  • aws, gcp, azure, etc. builds a disk image for a specific Talos platform

The base profile can be customized with the additional flags to the imager:

  • --arch specifies the architecture of the image to be generated (default: host architecture)
  • --meta allows to set initial META values
  • --extra-kernel-arg allows to customize the kernel command line arguments. Default kernel arg can be removed by prefixing the argument with a -. For example -console removes all console=<value> arguments, whereas -console=tty0 removes the console=tty0 default argument.
  • --system-extension-image allows to install a system extension into the image

Extension Image Reference

While Image Factory automatically resolves the extension name into a matching container image for a specific version of Talos, imager requires the full explicit container image reference. The imager also allows to install custom extensions which are not part of the official Talos Linux system extensions.

To get the official Talos Linux system extension container image reference matching a Talos release, use the following command:

crane export ghcr.io/siderolabs/extensions:v1.8.0 | tar x -O image-digests | grep EXTENSION-NAME

Note: this command is using crane tool, but any other tool which allows to export the image contents can be used.

For each Talos release, the ghcr.io/siderolabs/extensions:VERSION image contains a pinned reference to each system extension container image.

Overlay Image Reference

While Image Factory automatically resolves the overlay name into a matching container image for a specific version of Talos, imager requires the full explicit container image reference. The imager also allows to install custom overlays which are not part of the official Talos overlays.

To get the official Talos overlays container image reference matching a Talos release, use the following command:

crane export ghcr.io/siderolabs/overlays:v1.8.0 | tar x -O overlays.yaml

Note: this command is using crane tool, but any other tool which allows to export the image contents can be used.

For each Talos release, the ghcr.io/siderolabs/overlays:VERSION image contains a pinned reference to each overlay container image.

Pulling from Private Registries

Talos Linux official images are all public, but when pulling a custom image from a private registry, the imager might need authentication to access the images.

The imager container when pulling images supports following methods to authenticate to an external registry:

  • for ghcr.io registry, GITHUB_TOKEN can be provided as an environment variable;
  • for other registries, ~/.docker/config.json can be mounted into the container from the host:
    • another option is to use a DOCKER_CONFIG environment variable, and the path will be $DOCKER_CONFIG/config.json in the container;
    • the third option is to mount Podman’s auth file at $XDG_RUNTIME_DIR/containers/auth.json.

Example: Bare-metal with Imager

Let’s assume we want to boot Talos on a bare-metal machine with Intel CPU and add a gvisor container runtime to the image. Also we want to disable predictable network interface names with net.ifnames=0 kernel argument and replace the Talos default console arguments and add a custom console arg.

First, let’s lookup extension images for Intel CPU microcode updates and gvisor container runtime in the extensions repository:

$ crane export ghcr.io/siderolabs/extensions:v1.8.0 | tar x -O image-digests | grep -E 'gvisor|intel-ucode'
ghcr.io/siderolabs/gvisor:20231214.0-v1.8.0@sha256:548b2b121611424f6b1b6cfb72a1669421ffaf2f1560911c324a546c7cee655e
ghcr.io/siderolabs/intel-ucode:20231114@sha256:ea564094402b12a51045173c7523f276180d16af9c38755a894cf355d72c249d

Now we can generate the ISO image with the following command:

$ docker run --rm -t -v $PWD/_out:/out ghcr.io/siderolabs/imager:v1.8.0 iso --system-extension-image ghcr.io/siderolabs/gvisor:20231214.0-v1.8.0@sha256:548b2b121611424f6b1b6cfb72a1669421ffaf2f1560911c324a546c7cee655e --system-extension-image ghcr.io/siderolabs/intel-ucode:20231114@sha256:ea564094402b12a51045173c7523f276180d16af9c38755a894cf355d72c249d --extra-kernel-arg net.ifnames=0 --extra-kernel-arg=-console --extra-kernel-arg=console=ttyS1
profile ready:
arch: amd64
platform: metal
secureboot: false
version: v1.8.0
customization:
  extraKernelArgs:
    - net.ifnames=0
input:
  kernel:
    path: /usr/install/amd64/vmlinuz
  initramfs:
    path: /usr/install/amd64/initramfs.xz
  baseInstaller:
    imageRef: ghcr.io/siderolabs/installer:v1.8.0
  systemExtensions:
    - imageRef: ghcr.io/siderolabs/gvisor:20231214.0-v1.8.0@sha256:548b2b121611424f6b1b6cfb72a1669421ffaf2f1560911c324a546c7cee655e
    - imageRef: ghcr.io/siderolabs/intel-ucode:20231114@sha256:ea564094402b12a51045173c7523f276180d16af9c38755a894cf355d72c249d
output:
  kind: iso
  outFormat: raw
initramfs ready
kernel command line: talos.platform=metal console=ttyS1 init_on_alloc=1 slab_nomerge pti=on consoleblank=0 nvme_core.io_timeout=4294967295 printk.devkmsg=on ima_template=ima-ng ima_appraise=fix ima_hash=sha512 net.ifnames=0
ISO ready
output asset path: /out/metal-amd64.iso

Now the _out/metal-amd64.iso contains the customized Talos ISO image.

If the machine is going to be booted using PXE, we can instead generate kernel and initramfs images:

docker run --rm -t -v $PWD/_out:/out ghcr.io/siderolabs/imager:v1.8.0 iso --output-kind kernel
docker run --rm -t -v $PWD/_out:/out ghcr.io/siderolabs/imager:v1.8.0 iso --output-kind initramfs --system-extension-image ghcr.io/siderolabs/gvisor:20231214.0-v1.8.0@sha256:548b2b121611424f6b1b6cfb72a1669421ffaf2f1560911c324a546c7cee655e --system-extension-image ghcr.io/siderolabs/intel-ucode:20231114@sha256:ea564094402b12a51045173c7523f276180d16af9c38755a894cf355d72c249d

Now the _out/kernel-amd64 and _out/initramfs-amd64 contain the customized Talos kernel and initramfs images.

Note: the extra kernel args are not used now, as they are set via the PXE boot process, and can’t be embedded into the kernel or initramfs.

As the next step, we should generate a custom installer image which contains all required system extensions (kernel args can’t be specified with the installer image, but they are set in the machine configuration):

$ docker run --rm -t -v $PWD/_out:/out ghcr.io/siderolabs/imager:v1.8.0 installer --system-extension-image ghcr.io/siderolabs/gvisor:20231214.0-v1.8.0@sha256:548b2b121611424f6b1b6cfb72a1669421ffaf2f1560911c324a546c7cee655e --system-extension-image ghcr.io/siderolabs/intel-ucode:20231114@sha256:ea564094402b12a51045173c7523f276180d16af9c38755a894cf355d72c249d
...
output asset path: /out/metal-amd64-installer.tar

The installer container image should be pushed to the container registry:

crane push _out/metal-amd64-installer.tar ghcr.io/<username></username>/installer:v1.8.0

Now we can use the customized installer image to install Talos on the bare-metal machine.

When it’s time to upgrade a machine, a new installer image can be generated using the new version of imager, and updating the system extension images to the matching versions. The custom installer image can now be used to upgrade Talos machine.

Example: Raspberry Pi overlay with Imager

Let’s assume we want to boot Talos on Raspberry Pi with rpi_generic overlay and iscsi-tools system extension.

First, let’s lookup extension images for iscsi-tools in the extensions repository:

$ crane export ghcr.io/siderolabs/extensions:v1.8.0 | tar x -O image-digests | grep -E 'iscsi-tools'
ghcr.io/siderolabs/iscsi-tools:v0.1.4@sha256:548b2b121611424f6b1b6cfb72a1669421ffaf2f1560911c324a546c7cee655e

Next we’ll lookup the overlay image for rpi_generic in the overlays repository:

$ crane export ghcr.io/siderolabs/overlays:v1.8.0 | tar x -O overlays.yaml | yq '.overlays[] | select(.name=="rpi_generic")'
name: rpi_generic
image: ghcr.io/siderolabs/sbc-raspberrypi:v0.1.0
digest: sha256:849ace01b9af514d817b05a9c5963a35202e09a4807d12f8a3ea83657c76c863

Now we can generate the metal image with the following command:

$ docker run --rm -t -v $PWD/_out:/out ghcr.io/siderolabs/imager:v1.8.0 rpi_generic --arch arm64 --system-extension-image ghcr.io/siderolabs/iscsi-tools:v0.1.4@sha256:548b2b121611424f6b1b6cfb72a1669421ffaf2f1560911c324a546c7cee655e --overlay-image ghcr.io/siderolabs/sbc-raspberrypi:v0.1.0@sha256:849ace01b9af514d817b05a9c5963a35202e09a4807d12f8a3ea83657c76c863 --overlay-name=rpi_generic
profile ready:
arch: arm64
platform: metal
secureboot: false
version: v1.8.0
input:
  kernel:
    path: /usr/install/arm64/vmlinuz
  initramfs:
    path: /usr/install/arm64/initramfs.xz
  baseInstaller:
    imageRef: ghcr.io/siderolabs/installer:v1.8.0
  systemExtensions:
    - imageRef: ghcr.io/siderolabs/iscsi-tools:v0.1.4@sha256:a68c268d40694b7b93c8ac65d6b99892a6152a2ee23fdbffceb59094cc3047fc
overlay:
  name: rpi_generic
  image:
    imageRef: ghcr.io/siderolabs/sbc-raspberrypi:v0.1.0-alpha.1@sha256:849ace01b9af514d817b05a9c5963a35202e09a4807d12f8a3ea83657c76c863
output:
  kind: image
  imageOptions:
    diskSize: 1306525696
    diskFormat: raw
  outFormat: .xz
initramfs ready
kernel command line: talos.platform=metal console=tty0 console=ttyAMA0,115200 sysctl.kernel.kexec_load_disabled=1 talos.dashboard.disabled=1 init_on_alloc=1 slab_nomerge pti=on consoleblank=0 nvme_core.io_timeout=4294967295 printk.devkmsg=on ima_template=ima-ng ima_appraise=fix ima_hash=sha512
disk image ready
output asset path: /out/metal-arm64.raw
compression done: /out/metal-arm64.raw.xz

Now the _out/metal-arm64.raw.xz is the compressed disk image which can be written to a boot media.

As the next step, we should generate a custom installer image which contains all required system extensions (kernel args can’t be specified with the installer image, but they are set in the machine configuration):

$ docker run --rm -t -v $PWD/_out:/out ghcr.io/siderolabs/imager:v1.8.0 installer --arch arm64 --system-extension-image ghcr.io/siderolabs/iscsi-tools:v0.1.4@sha256:548b2b121611424f6b1b6cfb72a1669421ffaf2f1560911c324a546c7cee655e --overlay-image ghcr.io/siderolabs/sbc-raspberrypi:v0.1.0@sha256:849ace01b9af514d817b05a9c5963a35202e09a4807d12f8a3ea83657c76c863 --overlay-name=rpi_generic
...
output asset path: /out/metal-arm64-installer.tar

The installer container image should be pushed to the container registry:

crane push _out/metal-arm64-installer.tar ghcr.io/<username></username>/installer:v1.8.0

Now we can use the customized installer image to install Talos on Raspvberry Pi.

When it’s time to upgrade a machine, a new installer image can be generated using the new version of imager, and updating the system extension and overlay images to the matching versions. The custom installer image can now be used to upgrade Talos machine.

Example: AWS with Imager

Talos is installed on AWS from a disk image (AWS AMI), so only a single boot asset is required.

Let’s assume we want to boot Talos on AWS with gvisor container runtime system extension.

First, let’s lookup extension images for the gvisor container runtime in the extensions repository:

$ crane export ghcr.io/siderolabs/extensions:v1.8.0 | tar x -O image-digests | grep gvisor
ghcr.io/siderolabs/gvisor:20231214.0-v1.8.0@sha256:548b2b121611424f6b1b6cfb72a1669421ffaf2f1560911c324a546c7cee655e

Next, let’s generate AWS disk image with that system extension:

$ docker run --rm -t -v $PWD/_out:/out -v /dev:/dev --privileged ghcr.io/siderolabs/imager:v1.8.0 aws --system-extension-image ghcr.io/siderolabs/gvisor:20231214.0-v1.8.0@sha256:548b2b121611424f6b1b6cfb72a1669421ffaf2f1560911c324a546c7cee655e
...
output asset path: /out/aws-amd64.raw
compression done: /out/aws-amd64.raw.xz

Now the _out/aws-amd64.raw.xz contains the customized Talos AWS disk image which can be uploaded as an AMI to the AWS.

If the AWS machine is later going to be upgraded to a new version of Talos (or a new set of system extensions), generate a customized installer image following the steps above, and upgrade Talos to that installer image.

Example: Assets with system extensions from image tarballs with Imager

Some advanced features of imager are currently not exposed via command line arguments like --system-extension-image. To access them nonetheless it is possible to supply imager with a profile.yaml instead.

Let’s use these advanced features to build a bare-metal installer using a system extension from a private registry. First use crane on a host with access to the private registry to export the extension image into a tarball.

crane export <your-private-registry>/<your-extension>:latest <your-extension>

When can then reference the tarball in a suitable profile.yaml for our intended architecture and output. In this case we want to build an amd64, bare-metal installer.

# profile.yaml
arch: amd64
platform: metal
secureboot: false
version: v1.8.0
input:
  kernel:
    path: /usr/install/amd64/vmlinuz
  initramfs:
    path: /usr/install/amd64/initramfs.xz
  baseInstaller:
    imageRef: ghcr.io/siderolabs/installer:v1.8.0
  systemExtensions:
    - tarballPath: <your-extension>  # notice we use 'tarballPath' instead of 'imageRef'
output:
  kind: installer
  outFormat: raw

To build the asset we pass profile.yaml to imager via stdin

$ cat profile.yaml | docker run --rm -i \
-v $PWD/_out:/out -v $PWD/<your-extension>:/<your-extension> \
ghcr.io/siderolabs/imager:v1.8.0 -
Last modified August 14, 2024: chore: drop image assets from release (872599c9a)